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The primary function of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage level in a circuit. Transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels as needed for various applications.

In power distribution, for example, high voltages are used to transmit electricity over long distances to reduce energy loss, and transformers are employed at different points in the electrical grid to adjust voltage levels for safe and efficient use in homes and businesses. This ability to modify voltage while maintaining power (watts) is crucial for optimizing the performance and safety of electrical systems.

Understanding this function is essential in the context of electrical engineering and installation practices, as it helps ensure that equipment is used properly within its voltage requirements, thereby preventing damage and enhancing system reliability.