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A common function of circuit breakers is to prevent overcurrent. Circuit breakers are designed to automatically interrupt the electrical circuit when the current exceeds a predetermined threshold. This is essential for protecting the wiring and connected devices from damage that can occur from overheating or electrical fires due to excessive current flow.

When an overcurrent condition arises, such as a short circuit or an overload, the circuit breaker detects this increase in current and "trips," effectively breaking the circuit. This interruption safeguards not only the circuit itself but also the appliances and equipment connected to it by reducing the risk of damage resulting from excessive electrical flow.

Other options like regulating voltage, enhancing energy efficiency, and increasing amperage are functions not performed by circuit breakers. Circuit breakers do not regulate voltage levels, as their primary role is to respond to current flow, not voltage fluctuations. They also do not enhance energy efficiency or increase amperage; instead, they serve as a safety mechanism to disconnect power when necessary, promoting safe and effective electrical system operation.